I don't know of any catfish that will take care of snails per say....some fish will, other than the loaches, although there are more species of loach than just clown loaches so take a look at others to see if any are more suited to your tastes.
HERE is a page full of different loaches...they are probably the best bet as far as snail control fish go. There are others as well but....
I suggest trying to stay away from buying fish just for their ability to maintain your tank for you....even when it comes to algae for most of us. Snails are definitely an issue, and can overtake a tank in short order, but there are other options too. Even though this may be a slower method, you could try a snail trap. In short, you can use a clean glass jar with a relatively small opening.....one good example I saw recently was a clear salt shaker, without the top on it and of course, without the salt in it. You can 'bait' the trap with some veggies like lettuce or cucumber by placing it in the tank at night time, and sink it into your substrate so that the opening is about half covered. Then, just before you turn the lights on in the morning, you simply take the trap out, clean out any snails that may be inside, and repeat until things are back under control. Like I said, this is a slow method, and may actually take some time before the snails even realize that it is there, but it is a proven method and I know of a few people who have found success with it.
You can also simply remove the snails as you see them....some even suggest smashing them with your finger, however, there are a few types which have relatively strong and sharp shells which can cut your finger if you are not careful.
The best advice I can give you as far as a sure fire way to get rid of snails is to go with the loaches and then return them to the LFS when they have helped you out. The catch-22 with loaches is that keeping one of them may not do the trick since they are schoaling fish. I have heard quite a few stories about how a hobbyist was able to rid a tank of snails with one loach, but I have also heard an equal number of situations in which one loach proved to be nothing more than reclusive and never left its hiding spot. I know this is not your best option because of your fondness for catfish, but it is still an option.
Above all else, I want to caution you on using some chemicals since they can also harm your fish or other inverts, if any. I am sure that other members will have more and better advice than I can give right now, so keep checking in. It sounds like you have learned the same lessons many, if not most, of us went through with our first tanks, and agree that a test kit and regular testing will really improve your chances of success. There are a ton of great
articles on this forum which can help get you started off on a better foot and avoid the problems you have recently encountered.
By the way, welcome to the forum! I hope that you can find all the information, and more, that you need to realize all of your aquatic desires!